HMRC Debt Crisis Guide

How to Deal with HMRC Debt: Complete UK Business Guide

Comprehensive strategies to handle VAT, PAYE, and Corporation Tax arrears. Learn about Time to Pay arrangements, enforcement action, and professional solutions.

15 min read
Expert guidance
Confidential advice
A stressed woman in black suit examines receipt while sitting at desk with laptop and calculator, reflecting financial concerns

HMRC debt is one of the most serious financial challenges UK businesses face. With over £42 billion in outstanding tax debt across the UK, you're not alone in struggling with VAT, PAYE, or Corporation Tax arrears. However, HMRC has extensive powers and won't hesitate to use them if you don't take action.

Critical Warning

Ignoring HMRC debt can lead to bailiff action, bank account freezing, director disqualification, and ultimately company closure. The sooner you act, the more options you have.

Understanding HMRC Debt Types

VAT Debt

Most common HMRC debt. Quarterly returns with immediate payment requirements. HMRC can issue winding-up petitions for unpaid VAT.

Average debt: £15,000 - £50,000

PAYE Debt

Employee tax and National Insurance. Monthly payments required. HMRC treats this as "trust money" and pursues aggressively.

Average debt: £8,000 - £25,000

Corporation Tax

Annual company tax on profits. Due 9 months after year-end. Interest and penalties apply from day one of late payment.

Average debt: £12,000 - £40,000

How HMRC Debt Accumulates

Interest Charges
  • VAT: 2.6% per annum (as of 2024)
  • PAYE: 4.25% per annum
  • Corporation Tax: 4.25% per annum
Penalty Structure
  • Late filing: £100 - £1,600+
  • Late payment: 5% of tax due
  • Repeated defaults: Additional 5%

Immediate Actions to Take

First 48 Hours Action Plan

1

Don't Ignore Communications

Open all HMRC letters immediately. Note deadlines and payment demands.

2

Calculate Total Debt

Include principal, interest, and penalties. Check your HMRC online account.

3

Assess Cash Flow

Determine what you can realistically pay and when.

4

Contact HMRC

Call the Business Payment Support Service: 0300 200 3835

5

Seek Professional Advice

Contact a licensed insolvency practitioner or tax specialist.

6

Protect Business Assets

Understand what HMRC can seize and take protective measures.

Key HMRC Contact Numbers

Business Payment Support
For payment difficulties
0300 200 3835
VAT Helpline
VAT enquiries
0300 200 3700
PAYE Helpline
PAYE enquiries
0300 200 3200
Corporation Tax
Corporation Tax enquiries
0300 200 3410

Time to Pay Arrangements (TTP)

What is a Time to Pay Arrangement?

A Time to Pay (TTP) arrangement allows you to spread your HMRC debt over manageable monthly payments. It's often the first and best option for businesses struggling with tax arrears, but approval isn't guaranteed.

TTP Benefits

  • Stops immediate enforcement action
  • Spreads payments over 3-12 months
  • Maintains business operations
  • Preserves business relationships

TTP Requirements

  • All current returns must be up to date
  • Realistic payment proposal required
  • Interest continues to accrue
  • Future payments must be on time

TTP Application Process

1
Prepare Documentation

Cash flow forecast, business plan, and payment proposal

2
Contact HMRC

Call Business Payment Support Service with your proposal

3
Maintain Agreement

Make payments on time and stay current with new obligations

HMRC Enforcement Powers

HMRC's Escalation Timeline

HMRC follows a structured approach to debt recovery. Understanding this timeline helps you take action before it's too late.

30

Days 1-30: Initial Demands

HMRC sends payment demands and reminder letters. Interest and penalties start accruing immediately.

Action: Contact HMRC to discuss payment options
60

Days 31-60: Formal Notices

HMRC issues formal demand notices and may begin enforcement proceedings. Time to Pay arrangements still possible.

Action: Seek professional advice and prepare TTP application
90+

Days 60+: Enforcement Action

HMRC can use bailiffs, freeze bank accounts, or issue winding-up petitions. Options become severely limited.

Action: Emergency professional intervention required

HMRC's Enforcement Tools

Bailiff Action

Can seize business assets, vehicles, and equipment to recover debt

Bank Account Freezing

Direct debit authority to take money from business accounts

Winding-Up Petition

Court application to close your company and liquidate assets

Director Disqualification

Personal liability and ban from being a company director

Personal Asset Recovery

Can pursue directors personally in certain circumstances

Business Closure

Forced liquidation and loss of business, jobs, and reputation

Facing HMRC Enforcement Action?

Don't wait until it's too late. Our emergency HMRC debt specialists can often halt enforcement action within 24 hours.