Financial Difficulty Solutions

Company With Debts: Understanding Your Options When Cash Runs Out

TS

Tenable Support Team

Business Recovery Experts

15 min read
A couple sitting on the sofa in their living room looks concerned as they review financial paperwork and work on a laptop, reflecting challenges in budgeting and financial management.

When your company is struggling with debt, it can feel overwhelming. You're not alone—thousands of UK directors face this challenge every year. The good news? You have options. Whether your business can be saved or needs to close, understanding your choices is crucial for protecting yourself, your employees, and maximizing outcomes for creditors.

Critical Warning: Ignoring debt problems won't make them disappear. Taking action early gives you more options and better outcomes. Delaying can lead to forced liquidation, personal liability, and even director disqualification.

The Critical Question: Can Your Business Be Saved?

Before exploring your options, you need an honest assessment of your business's viability. This isn't about optimism or pessimism—it's about realistic evaluation of whether your company has a viable future.

Quick Viability Assessment

Answer these questions honestly to determine if rescue is feasible:

✓ Signs Your Business Can Be Saved:

  • • Core business model is profitable
  • • Debt problems are due to temporary issues (e.g., one bad contract, late payment)
  • • Strong order book or future contracts secured
  • • Creditors are willing to negotiate
  • • You have a clear plan to return to profitability
  • • Key staff and customers will stay with the business

✗ Signs Liquidation May Be Inevitable:

  • • Business model is fundamentally unprofitable
  • • No realistic prospect of returning to profit
  • • Major customers have left or contracts cancelled
  • • Industry/market has permanently changed
  • • Directors want to exit and move on
  • • Debt levels are overwhelming compared to turnover

Understanding Your Two Paths

Once you've assessed viability, your options fall into two main categories:

Business Rescue Options

For viable businesses that can trade through difficulties:

  • Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA)

    Formal repayment plan over 3-5 years

  • Informal Payment Plans

    Negotiate directly with creditors

  • Refinancing/New Investment

    Inject capital to clear urgent debts

  • Time to Pay Arrangements (HMRC)

    Payment plans for tax debts

Company Closure Options

For companies that cannot continue trading:

  • Creditors' Voluntary Liquidation (CVL)

    Orderly, director-led closure

  • Administration

    Protection while seeking rescue or sale

  • Pre-Pack Administration

    Sale of business assets before formal insolvency

  • Members' Voluntary Liquidation (MVL)

    For solvent companies (can pay all debts)

Immediate Steps to Take Right Now

If your company is struggling with debt, taking these immediate actions can protect you and preserve your options:

1

Stop Trading If Insolvent

If you cannot pay debts as they fall due, continuing to trade can make you personally liable for new debts. This is called "wrongful trading" and can result in director disqualification.

Legal Risk: Directors who continue trading while insolvent can be held personally liable for debts incurred after insolvency date.

2

Get Professional Advice Immediately

Speak to a licensed insolvency practitioner (IP) within 48 hours. Initial consultations are free and confidential. An IP can assess your situation objectively and explain all options.

Protection: Early advice shows directors acted responsibly, which protects against personal liability claims.

3

Communicate With Creditors

Don't ignore creditors. Brief, honest communication ("We're experiencing difficulties and getting professional advice") is better than silence. This can prevent legal action while you explore options.

  • DO: Acknowledge the debt and confirm you're seeking advice
  • DON'T: Make promises you can't keep or commit to unrealistic payment plans
4

Prepare Your Financial Information

Gather these documents for your IP consultation:

  • Latest management accounts and bank statements
  • List of all creditors with amounts owed
  • Details of any secured debts or guarantees
  • Company assets list (equipment, property, stock, debtors)
  • Cash flow forecast for next 3-6 months
5

Protect Yourself From Personal Liability

Take these steps to minimize personal risk:

  • Don't pay preferential creditors (e.g., friends, family, directors) over others
  • Don't transfer company assets at undervalue
  • Don't provide personal guarantees for new debts
  • Document all decisions with board minutes showing you took advice
  • Review any personal guarantees you've given (bank loans, leases, etc.)

Time Is Critical

The sooner you act, the more options you have. Delaying even by days can:

Reduce your options

Creditors may take legal action, forcing your hand

Increase personal liability

Wrongful trading exposure grows each day

Worsen creditor returns

Asset values decline, new debts accumulate

Damage your reputation

CCJs and court action become public record

Common Mistakes Directors Make (And How to Avoid Them)

When facing financial difficulties, directors often make these costly mistakes:

❌ Mistake #1: Burying Your Head in the Sand

The Problem: Hoping things will improve without taking action. Ignoring creditor letters and avoiding phone calls.

The Consequence: Creditors escalate to legal action (CCJs, winding-up petitions). Your options narrow. Personal liability risk increases.

The Solution: Face the problem immediately. Get professional advice within 48 hours.

❌ Mistake #2: Using New Credit to Pay Old Debts

The Problem: Taking out bounce-back loans, credit cards, or director's loans to keep the company afloat when insolvency is inevitable.

The Consequence: You're personally liable for new debts (especially if you've given guarantees). You're also at risk of wrongful trading allegations.

The Solution: Only borrow if you have a realistic plan to repay. Get IP advice first.

❌ Mistake #3: Paying Some Creditors Over Others

The Problem: Paying friends, family, directors, or "important" suppliers while ignoring others (especially HMRC).

The Consequence: Called "preference payments"—these can be reversed by a liquidator. Directors may have to repay these amounts personally.

The Solution: Once insolvent, treat all creditors equally. Pay in proportion to debts owed or not at all.

❌ Mistake #4: Stripping Assets Before Closure

The Problem: Transferring company assets (vehicles, equipment, intellectual property) to directors or related companies at undervalue or for free.

The Consequence: Liquidators can reverse these transactions. Directors face personal liability and potential disqualification proceedings.

The Solution: All asset sales must be at fair market value with independent valuation. Get IP approval.

❌ Mistake #5: Just Walking Away

The Problem: Simply closing the doors and abandoning the company without formal liquidation.

The Consequence: The company remains on the register. Creditors can force compulsory liquidation. Directors remain liable. This looks terrible for future business ventures.

The Solution: Proper voluntary liquidation shows responsibility and protects your reputation.

How to Protect Yourself

Following these principles will protect you from personal liability and director disqualification:

✓ Act Quickly

Seek professional advice as soon as problems emerge

✓ Document Everything

Keep records of decisions and advice received

✓ Be Transparent

Provide full disclosure to your insolvency practitioner

✓ Follow Advice

Implement recommendations from licensed professionals

✓ Treat Creditors Fairly

No preferential payments once insolvent

✓ Stop Trading When Insolvent

Don't incur new debts you cannot pay

Don't Face This Alone

Our team of licensed insolvency practitioners has helped hundreds of directors navigate company debt. Get a free, confidential assessment of your situation and understand all your options.

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What Happens Next?

We'll review your situation, explain all available options (rescue and closure), and help you make an informed decision. There's no pressure and no obligation. Our only goal is to protect you and achieve the best possible outcome.